What is the effect of extinction on behavior?

The effect of extinction on behavior primarily involves the elimination of reinforcement for that behavior. In behavioral psychology, extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequence, leading to a gradual decrease in that behavior's frequency. This process demonstrates that the reinforcement, which previously maintained the behavior, is no longer available, prompting the subject to stop performing the behavior over time.

For instance, if a child receives attention (reinforcement) for throwing a tantrum and the parent suddenly stops responding, the lack of reinforcement (attention) will likely lead to a decline in tantrum-throwing behavior. In this way, behavior is weakened as it is no longer being reinforced, highlighting the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior.

Other options may suggest outcomes contrary to the established principles of extinction. Strengthening behavior or encouraging repeated behaviors typically aligns with positive reinforcement rather than extinction. Similarly, modifying behavior through incentives implies that reinforcement, rather than the absence of it, is taking place, which is inconsistent with the concept of extinction.