What are the two categories of factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, the two categories of factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors. Hygiene factors refer to elements that can prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction or motivation. These include aspects such as salary, company policies, working conditions, and job security. If these factors are inadequate, they can lead to employee dissatisfaction; however, even if they are adequate, they do not enhance motivation or job satisfaction.

On the other hand, motivating factors are those that can lead to higher levels of job satisfaction and motivation. These include factors such as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, and possibilities for advancement. When present, motivating factors can greatly enhance an employee's engagement and productivity at work.

Thus, the classification of these factors as hygiene and motivating is central to understanding how to address employee needs and improve workplace satisfaction according to Herzberg's model. This distinction helps managers and organizations to create a more effective motivational environment by addressing both the prevention of dissatisfaction and the promotion of satisfaction.