Proactive ingratiation strategies involve which of the following?

Proactive ingratiation strategies are aimed at improving one's standing with others, particularly in a professional context. This approach includes using impression management tactics, such as agreeing with others, offering praise, and demonstrating likability to create a positive impression. By employing such tactics, individuals can enhance their relationships, influence their environment, and gain favor with colleagues and superiors.

Using agreement and praise strategically helps to build rapport and foster collaboration, making it an effective way to engage with others. It influences how individuals are perceived, and a favorable perception can lead to various benefits, including increased support for ideas and initiatives.

The other options may involve different aspects of workplace dynamics but do not describe proactive ingratiation strategies. Direct confrontation with management often leads to conflict rather than positive impressions. Delegating tasks to other team members may involve teamwork, but it is not a tactic for personal ingratiation. Focusing on personal achievements speaks to self-promotion rather than building connections through the approval of others. Hence, the use of impression management tactics is the central element defining proactive ingratiation strategies.